The National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) has issued an urgent cybersecurity advisory cautioning Nigerian users, professionals, and organizations against newly discovered vulnerabilities in OpenAI's advanced AI models, including GPT-4o and GPT-5, which power ChatGPT.
In a statement released through its Computer Emergency Readiness and Response Team (ngCERT), NITDA highlighted seven critical weaknesses that could enable attackers to manipulate the AI's behavior via indirect prompt injection.
Malicious instructions can be hidden in everyday online content, such as social media comments, webpages, or shortened URLs causing the model to execute harmful commands unknowingly during tasks like text summarization, web browsing, or research.
Additional risks include bypassing built-in safety filters, exploiting markdown formatting bugs to conceal dangerous content, and memory poisoning, where repeated subtle manipulations gradually alter the AI's long-term responses, potentially leading to data leaks, unauthorized actions, or misleading outputs.
While OpenAI has addressed some reported issues, NITDA emphasized that large language models continue to face challenges in reliably detecting sophisticated hidden prompts and indirect attacks.
The agency urged Nigerians, particularly those in business, research, government, and development sectors relying heavily on these tools to exercise caution.
Key recommendations include:
Always independently verify AI-generated outputs and summaries.
Avoid feeding the model untrusted or suspicious web content without scrutiny.
Regularly review and manage stored conversation memories or data.
Stay vigilant against potentially crafted online material.
This advisory comes amid increasing dependence on generative AI tools and growing global concerns over prompt injection and related threats to AI security.
NITDA encouraged users to adopt stronger data protection practices and report any suspicious incidents to ngCERT.
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