Understanding how the cervix functions and how to care for it is essential to protecting overall reproductive health.
The cervix is a small but powerful structure, measuring
about an inch in length and located several inches from the vaginal opening,
depending on hormonal changes and the menstrual cycle.
It plays a key role in reproduction by allowing sperm to enter the uterus while acting as a barrier against harmful bacteria and foreign substances. During childbirth, the cervix also softens and opens to support labour.
Made up of glandular cells that produce protective mucus and
squamous cells that shield against friction and infection, the cervix performs
several protective functions.
Despite this, it remains vulnerable to infections and
diseases, including cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth
most common cancer among women worldwide and is largely linked to
the human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted infection.
Since prevention is often more effective than treatment,
paying attention to cervical health is crucial.
Here are practical ways women can care for their cervix and
reduce the risk of infection.
- Go
for regular cervical screening
As a woman, certain tests should be part of your
routine health checks. These include Pap smears and HPV tests.
Routine Pap smears or HPV tests help detect abnormal cells
in the cervix early, often before they become serious. Early detection is one
of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer.
Even if you feel fine, screening is still important because
cervical issues often show no symptoms in the early stages.
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,
a woman should start taking a Pap smear from age 21, with a basic screen every
three years until age 65. Women between the ages of 25 and 65 should have a
human papillomavirus (HPV) test every five years.
- Get
vaccinated
The Centres
for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all women
receive the HPV vaccine, as the virus is the leading
cause of cervical cancer.
The HPV vaccine protects against the most dangerous strains
of the virus. It is most effective when taken before sexual activity begins,
but it can still offer protection later in life.
The vaccine targets the types of HPV most commonly linked to
cervical cancer and, in some cases, cancers of the vulva, vagina, and anus.
Studies suggest the HPV vaccine can reduce the risk
of genital warts and HPV-related cancers by up to 99%.
To protect cervical health, it is recommended that people
between the ages of 9 and 45 receive the HPV vaccine.
- Maintain
good vaginal hygiene
Beyond medical care, maintaining good vaginal health is a
personal step toward preventing cervical infections and cancer.
Good vaginal hygiene involves being gentle and focusing on
daily external care, as the vagina is naturally self-cleaning.
Use warm water or mild, unscented soap on the outer genital
area (vulva) only, and avoid douching, scented sprays, harsh products, or
inserting herbal mixtures and chemicals into the vagina.
These practices can disrupt the natural balance of healthy
bacteria, cause irritation, and increase the risk of infections that may affect
the cervix.
Additionally, wear cotton underwear, practise safe sex, and
always wipe from front to back.
- Practice
safe sex
Practising safe sex is another important way to care for
your cervix.
Use condoms, avoid sharing sex toys, and ensure hands are
washed before and after touching a partner’s genitals.
Condom use helps reduce the risk of HPV and other sexually
transmitted infections that can affect cervical health.
Limiting the number of sexual partners also reduces exposure
to infections linked to changes in cervical cells.
- Opt
for healthy lifestyle choices
Your overall lifestyle plays a role in your cervical health.
What you eat and how you care for your body can influence how well it fights
infections.
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole
foods supports the immune system and helps the body fight infections.
Regular exercise, adequate sleep and proper stress
management also contribute to a strong immune system, which is important for
maintaining cervical health.
Most importantly, avoid or quit smoking. Smoking weakens the
immune system and makes it harder for the body to clear HPV infections.
Studies have also linked chemicals
from cigarettes to cervical cell damage, increasing the risk of cervical
cancer.
- Pay
attention to unusual symptoms
Being observant and intentional about your vaginal health
can help you detect warning signs early.
Unusual bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, foul-smelling
discharge or pain during sex should never be ignored.
While these symptoms may not always indicate a serious
condition, they are important signals to seek medical attention promptly.
Remember, taking these proactive steps today can help
protect your cervix from infections and cancer in the long run.
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